Friday 18 July 2014

Lung Disease & Respiratory Health Center

When you catch a cold, does it often turn into bronchitis, which is sometimes called a chest cold? It's important to recognize what's normal and to know when something more serious is going on. Here's what you must know when that nasty cold turns into bronchitis.

Should I Call the Doctor About a Cough?

A cough is a common cold symptom. It's the body's way of getting rid of phlegm or mucus. But if a cough persists after the cold is gone, contact your doctor.
It is helpful to tell your doctor how long you've had the cough. You also should tell the doctor whether any activities or exposures seem to make it worse, if you notice any other different or unusual feelings, and if you cough up mucus.
If you are coughing up thick green or yellow phlegm, or if you are wheezing, running a fever higher than 101° F, having night sweats, or coughing up blood, you need to see a doctor. These may be signs of a more serious illness that needs to be diagnosed and treated.
A persistent cough may be a sign of asthma. Sometimes this condition is called "cough-variant asthma." Cough-variant asthma is vastly under diagnosed and under treated. Triggers for cough-variant asthma are usually respiratory infections like a cold or flu. You may even have cough-variant asthma and think the cough is due to an allergy. Until an asthma attack occurs, you may not realize that your lungs are involved.

What Is Bronchitis or Chest Cold?

Bronchitis -- sometimes referred to as a chest cold -- occurs when the airways in your lungs are inflamed and make too much mucus. There are two basic types of bronchitis:
  • Acute bronchitis is more common and usually is caused by a viral infection. Acute bronchitis may also be called a chest cold. Episodes of acute bronchitis can be related to and made worse by smoking. This type of bronchitis is often described as being worse than a regular cold but not as bad as pneumonia.
  • Chronic bronchitis is a cough that persists for two to three months each year for at least two years. Smoking is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis.

What Are the Symptoms of Bronchitis?

Symptoms of bronchitis include:
  • A cough that is frequent and produces mucus
  • A lack of energy
  • A wheezing sound when breathing, which may or may not be present
  • A fever, which may or may not be present

Should I Call the Doctor About Bronchitis?

See your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms:
  • A chest cold that lasts more than two weeks
  • A fever greater than 102° F
  • A cough that produces blood
  • Any shortness of breath or wheezing

Wednesday 16 July 2014

Medical as a career



Now a day healthcare and medical tourism is covering a large market of occupations including earning money and providing services.

Medical industry include health torurism, holistic, wellness and pharmaceutical products.
Career in a medical: In America there are two paths to become a doctor: one is allopathic medicine(M.D) and other is osteopathic medicine(D.O)

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Friday 2 May 2014

Migraine



Headache
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Serious causes of headaches are very rare. Most people with headaches can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax, and sometimes by taking medications.

Causes

The most common type of headaches are likely caused by tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp, and jaw. These are called tension headaches.
  • They may be related to stress, depression, anxiety, a head injury, or holding your head and neck in an abnormal position.
  • Tension headaches tend to be on both sides of your head. They often start at the back of your head and spread forward. The pain may feel dull or squeezing, like a tight band or vice. Your shoulders, neck, or jaw may feel tight or sore.
Migraine headaches are severe headaches that usually occur with other symptoms, such as vision changes or nausea.
  • The pain may be throbbing, pounding, or pulsating. It tends to begin on one side of your head, although it may spread to both sides.
  • You may have an "aura" (a group of warning symptoms that start before your headache). The pain usually gets worse as you try to move around.
  • These headaches may be triggered by foods such as chocolate, certain cheeses, or MSG. Caffeine withdrawal, lack of sleep, and alcohol may also trigger them.
Rebound headaches -- headaches that keep coming back -- may occur from overuse of painkillers. These may also be called medication overuse headaches. Patients who take pain medication more than 3 days a week on a regular basis can develop this type of headache.
Other types of headaches:
  • Cluster headaches are sharp, very painful headaches that tend to occur several times a day for months, then go away for a similar period of time.
  • Sinus headaches cause pain in the front of your head and face. They are due to swelling in the sinus passages behind the cheeks, nose, and eyes. The pain tends to be worse when you bend forward and when you first wake up in the morning.
  • Headaches may occur if you have a cold, the flu, a fever, or premenstrual syndrome.
  • A swollen, inflamed artery (which supplies blood to part of the head, temple, and neck area) can occur with a disorder called temporal arteritis.
Rarely, a headache may be a sign of a more serious cause, such as:
  • Brain infection like meningitis or encephalitis, or abscess
  • Brain tumor
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Problems with the blood vessels and bleeding in the brain, such as arteriovenous malformation (AVM),brain aneurysm, or stroke
  • Pseudomotor cerebri
  • Subdural hematoma
  • Very high blood pressure

Home Care

There may be things you can do to relieve the symptoms of a headache. Try to treat the symptoms right away.
When migraine symptoms begin:
  • Drink water to avoid getting dehydrated, especially if you have vomited
  • Rest in a quiet, dark room
  • Place a cool cloth on your head
  • Use any relaxation techniques you have learned
If your doctor has already told you what type of headaches you have, you can do many things to manage migraines or tension headaches at home. Your doctor may have already prescribed medicines to treat your type of headache.
Keep a headache diary to help find the source or trigger of your symptoms. Then change your environment or habits to avoid future headaches. When a headache occurs, write down:
  • The date and time the headache began
  • What you ate for the past 24 hours
  • How long you slept the night before
  • What you were doing and thinking about just before the headache started
  • Any stress in your life
  • How long the headache lasted
  • What you did to make it stop
Try acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen for tension headaches. Do NOT give aspirin to children because of the risk of Reye syndrome. Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, or any other blood thinners if there is a chance that you might have bleeding in your head (from a subdural hematoma, aneurysm, or other injury). Talk to your doctor if you are taking pain medicines 3 or more days a week.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Some headaches may be a sign of a more serious illness. Anyone who has these danger signs should seek medical help immediately:
  • This is the first headache you have ever had in your life and it interferes with your daily activities
  • Your headache comes on suddenly and is explosive or violent
  • You would describe your headache as "your worst ever," even if you regularly get headaches
  • You also have slurred speech, a change in vision, problems moving your arms or legs, loss of balance, confusion, or memory loss with your headache
  • Your headache gets worse over a 24-hour period
  • You also have a fever, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting with your headache
  • Your headache occurs with a head injury
  • Your headache is severe and just in one eye, with redness in that eye
  • You are over age 50 and your headaches just began, especially if you also have vision problems and pain while chewing
  • You have cancer and develop a new headache

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

Your health care provider will take a medical history and will perform an examination of your head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck, and nervous system.
The diagnosis is usually based on your history of symptoms. A "headache diary" may be helpful for recording information about headaches over a period of time. Your health care provider may ask questions such as:
  • Is the headache located in your forehead, around your eyes, in the back of your head, near your temples, behind your eyeball, or all over?
  • Is the headache on one side only?
  • Is this a new type of headache for you?
  • Would you describe the headache as throbbing?
  • Is there a pressure or band-like sensation?
  • When does the headache occur?
  • How long have you had headaches?
  • How long does each headache last?
  • Does the headache wake you up from sleep? Are the headaches worse during the day and better at night?
  • Did other symptoms begin shortly after the headaches began? Do you have repeat headaches?
  • Does the headache reach maximum intensity over 1 - 2 hours?
  • Are the headaches worse when you are lying down? Standing up?
  • Are the headaches worse when you cough or strain?
  • Do they occur at a specific time related to your menstrual period?
  • What home treatment have you tried? How well did it work?

Friday 4 April 2014

medical tourism for cancer



Cancer is one of the most devastating health concerns facing by most of the USA today. Receiving a cancer diagnosis poses great concern for individuals and their families in numerous ways.  Not only is the news traumatic and saddening, but the cost of treatment can be extremely high. Individuals who cannot afford the health costs are either driven into debt or simply choose to opt out of treatment, being forced to settle for a lower quality of life and possibly shorter life span.

Rise of Health Care Costs

A rise of health care costs has exacerbated this regrettable trend. Often, insurance plans do not cover, or only partially cover, treatment plans for cancer. This leaves the patient with significant out-of-pocket costs, which often restrict them from pursuing further, or better, treatments.
However, medical tourism provides an array of more affordable cancer treatment options in excellent cancer clinics around the world. While the location changes, the treatment remains the same.


Treatments and Surgery for Cancer
Medical Oncology

  •     Chemotherapy of solid tumors
  •     Chemotherapy of haematological malignancies
  •     Immunotherapy and targeted therapy of solid tumor and haematological malignancies including Interleukin, herceptin, Avastin and Mabthera
  •     Diagnostic testsOncology Lab India
  •     Day care chemotherapy
  •     Chemoport insertion
  •     Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation

Radiation Oncology

  •     Imtensity Mdodulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
  •     3D conformal Radiation therapy (3D-CRT)
  •     Linear Accelerator (LINAC)
  •     Cobalt Unit
  •     Brachytherapy
  •     Simulator

Brain Tumor Surgery

All type of brain tumors are removed microscopically. Examples of brain tumors operated are
  • Meningiomas
  •     Pituitary tumors
  •     Craniopharyngioma
  •     Glioma
  •     Hemangioblastomaependymoma
  •     Acoustic tumors
  •     Trigeminal neuromas
  •     Base of skull tumors
  •     Skull tumors
  •     Orbital tumors
  •     Intra-ventricular tumors

Reconstruction Post Cancer Surgery

All type of brain tumors are removed microscopically. Examples of brain tumors operated are

    Head and neck reconstruction after cancer surgery
    Breast and nipple reconstruction after cancer surgery
    Skull base cancer surgery and reconstruction

Saturday 29 March 2014

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Friday 28 March 2014

Direct MBBS Admission in India through Management Quota

 
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Thursday 27 March 2014

Medical admissions fair for Direct Admission

The medical education fair organized by www.allhomjob.com assists you to meet with national renowned university representatives.
Delegates from Top Universities will be present here, for ON –THE – SPOT Offers, interaction, admissions and will offer scholarships and application fee waiver for complete applications. Scholarships will be given to Meritorious applicants.
Student queries about courses, visa, scholarships, loans etc will be answered by these delegates.
  • To save time at the venue Pre-Registration with www.allhomejob.com essential for personal interview with university delegates.
  • For Application Fee Waiver & Spot Offers bring originals & 5 photocopy sets
  • Free Services: Counseling, Visa Counseling, Application Processing, IELTS Coaching Universities/ Countries attending may vary from city to city*

Friday 14 March 2014

Prostate Cancer





Prostate cancer is one of the most controversial cancers in both diagnosis and treatment.

If you’re cursed with a cancer - this is the one to ask for!!

Prostate cancer is more aggressive in a black person than a white person

This is the second commonest cancer that affect men after lung cancer

The risk of developing prostate cancer increases after the age of 50 years. Majority of prostate cancer are diagnosed in men over 65 years.

There are over 2 million American men currently living with prostate cancer.

Charles B. Huggins in 1941 was awarded a Nobel prize for understanding that prostate cancer was dependent on testosterone for its growth and spread and this could be reversed by giving estrogens, the so called ‘Chemical Castration’.

Prostate Specific Antigen - a marker to diagnose prostate cancer was first used in forensic investigation to determine if a stain on the undergarment was due to semen or not.

The use of ‘robotics in surgery’ is most commonly deployed for removing a malignant prostate cancer from the pelvis.

Prostate cancer is a relatively slow-growing cancer. For all stages of the cancer the average 5-year survival rate is 98% and the 10-year survival rate is 84%. Remember - Most people die with this cancer and not of it.

About Prostate Cancer



Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after lung cancer. It usually affects men over the age of fifty years. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 5 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime, however only 1 in 33 will die of this disease.

Prostate cancer usually does not give rise to any symptoms till it is in advanced stages. Hence in many countries men over the age of fifty, who go for routine health check-ups are also advised to get checked for this cancer. A clinical test in the doctors surgery called digital rectal examination or DRE can pick up some of these cancers.

Prostate is a reproductive gland found in males and is an androgen (or testosterone) dependent sex gland that provides the bulk of seminal fluid during ejaculation. The prostatic fluid is excreted in the semen and helps nourish the sperms and keep it in the fluid state in the vagina.

Unlike other cancers the natural history of prostate cancer is different. Some prostate cancer are indolent and slow growing and may take years before they manifest or become sinister; whereas another group are more aggressive - like any other cancers and require urgent treatment.

"Women with breast cancer almost universally die from it within 10 years if they don't get treated, It's quite different with prostate cancer. Many, if not most, men will live over 10 years with prostate cancer." - Harmon Eyre

The cancer can be picked up early by doing a blood test called - Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Prostate Specific Antigen is specific to prostate gland and is found only in seminal fluid or blood. Interestingly PSA was first used in forensic investigation to confirm if a stain on an undergarment was semen or not. Its presence meant that the fluid that stained the garment was seminal in origin.

If the cancer is picked up during a routine periodic check, a biopsy of the gland is advised to determine the aggressiveness of the tumour. The decision on how to treat the cancer is usually a decision that is taken by the treating Urologist. He determines by various tests the stage of the disease and decides on the line of treatment that is suitable for the patient.

If the cancer is still in its early stages and the patient is relatively young and in good health, they are usually advised to undergo a ‘Radical Prostatectomy'. However if the patient has early disease but is in poor health - hormonal manipulation and radiotherapy may be a better option to avoid the risks of surgery.

Cancer that have gone beyond the confines of the prostate gland and spread to other areas of the body are more advanced and may require treatment with hormones or removal of testis . This can help to slow or stop the spread of the disease.

Over the last couple of decades much research involving the prostate cancer has taken place and the disease is better understood. We however still have not been able to answer the question about which cancers requires urgent treatment and which do not require treatment. The research in genetics and proteomics may help us answer this important question in the near future.




Experts Debate Over Standard Prostate Cancer Test

The most commonly used prostate cancer screening procedure, PSA, is at the center of a growing debate after its discoverer said it had become a "hugely expensive public health disaster."

In a commentary in The New York Times, Richard Ablin of the University of Arizona said the screening tool he discovered four decades ago now costs too much and is ineffective.

The American Cancer Society, which does not recommend the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test -- a standard screening for men since the 1990s -- has urged doctors to speak to their patients about its risks and its limits.

Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men worldwide after lung cancer, kills an estimated 254,000 men each year.

The new recommendations were based on preliminary results from two major studies -- one led in Europe and the other in the United States -- published last year in the New England Journal of Medicine journal.

The clinical trials found that the blood test could not be proved to save lives.

PSA does not allow to distinguish between aggressive cancers that require intervention and slow-developing tumors that, depending on the patient's age, likely will not be a primary cause of death, according to the American Cancer Society.

Furthermore, the test can also provide erroneous results.

As soon as they turn 50 years old, healthy men who bear no symptoms of cancer and are expected to live at least 10 more years should be informed by their doctors of the pros and cons of a PSA screening before deciding to undergo the test, the cancer society recommends.

"For them, the risks likely outweigh the benefits," it said in a statement.

According to Ablin, American men have a 16 percent chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer but only a three percent chance of dying from it because most cancers develop slowly over time.

He deplored PSA screenings' annual cost of at least three billion dollars, much of that paid for by Medicare, the insurance program for the elderly, and the Veterans Administration.

"The test's popularity has led to a hugely expensive public health disaster," he wrote in his column.

"As I've been trying to make clear for many years now, PSA testing can't detect prostate cancer and, more important, it can't distinguish between the two types of prostate cancer -- the one that will kill you and the one that won't.

"Instead, the test simply reveals how much of the prostate antigen a man has in his blood," he added.

Levels of PSA, a protein produced only prostate cells, can jump when a prostate tumor grows in size. But they can also increase as the prostate enlarges naturally with a patient's age.



Thursday 13 March 2014

Sexual violence in South Africa, 1.4 million rapes annually in South Africa

 A 2009 study conducted by the Medical Research Council (MRC) resulted in some shocking discoveries. All men who were interviewed answered by way of electronic device, to keep the results anonymous.

The study produced the following results:

-One-fourth of the men admitted to having raped someone, and half of them claimed to have raped more than one victim.

-Three out of four who admitted to committing rape, had attacked for the first time during their teens. In fact, 73 percent said they had committed their first rape before age 20.

-Gang rapes are common because for a large portion of South African males they are actually considered to be a form of 'male bonding.'

-One in 20 who participated in the study, admitted to having raped a woman or a child within the last year.

-The study found that one in 10 men said they had actually been raped by other men.

-It is estimated that the actual number of rapes being committed in South Africa annually is 1.4 million. (To put this in perspective, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that 81,000 rapes or attempted were committed in the U.S. in 2009, while the U.S. population is more than six times that of South Africa.)

The Medical Research Council spoke to 1,738 men in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces.

Professor Rachel Jewkes who directed the study for the MRC said: "We know that we have a higher prevalence of rape in South Africa than there is in other countries.”

That data represented the first definitive statistics on violent crime in that country in several years, as the government of South Africa has been notorious for hiding the out-of-control violence and sky-rocketing incidents of rape which have overtaken that nation since the end of Apartheid.

In 1994, the year the African National Congress took 62 percent of the vote, sending Nelson Mandela to the presidential palace, the number of reported child rapes in South Africa was a little over 7,000. By 2000, that number had tripled.

A report released in June 2009 by the advocacy group Solidarity Helping Hand concluded that there were about 60 cases of child rape in South Africa every day, while more than 88 percent of child rapes were never reported.

The group's spokeswoman Mariana Kriel told reporters: "This means that about 530 child rapes take place every day - one rape every three minutes."

According to Kriel, the report shows that overall child abuse in South Africa is rising at an incredible rate.

Kriel went on to describe the report: "Several interviews with social workers and other employees of social welfare organizations across South Africa are included in the report, providing a unique look at the experiences of people who work with child abuse on a daily basis."

Executive director of Solidarity Helping Hand, Danie Langner, said: "In 2007-08, 1,410 cases of child murder were reported - 22 percent more than in the previous year. In addition, it was found that 45 percent of all rapes in the country were child rapes."

Unfortunately, rape seems to have become the new pastime for South African men, including for those who are rich and powerful.

In 2005, South African politician Jacob Zuma was charged with rape. His alleged victim was the daughter of a close friend, as well as a well-known AIDS activist.

In 2006, the Johannesburg High Court dismissed the charges against him, claiming the sex to be consensual. However, many believe Zuma bought his way out of trouble, by promising political favors down the road.

On May 9, 2009 accused rapist Jacob Zuma became president of South Africa.

In 2001, former Republic of South Africa military intelligence officer Koos Ven der Merwe told WorldNetDaily: "This story (rape) has been largely ignored by the mainstream media in the United States and the Western world, in order to perpetuate the Mandela myth of the wonderful New South Africa.”

The incidence of rape in that country has grown so widespread that in 2005, Sonette Ehlers, a medical technician with the South African Blood Transfusion Service invented an anti-rape device she dubbed the Rape-aXe.

The Rape-aXe is basically a thick latex condom worn by the woman which is ribbed with inward-facing barbs which imbed themselves into any potential rapist. Aside from the obvious pain the device would inflict upon the attacker, removing the barbed sheath would require the man to seek medical attention, thus alerting authorities to his actions.

Ehlers said she got the idea for the unusual form of self-defense while treating a rape victim, who stated: "If only I had teeth down there."

So why is rape so common in South Africa?

Though it is rarely discussed by the mainstream media, many African men believe that having sex with a virgin is a cure for AIDS, a disease which is ravaging the African continent. This is one reason why child rape has reached epidemic proportions, not only in South Africa, but throughout all of Africa.

Just as under-reported, is the cultural belief among many South African men that they can change a lesbian's sexual orientation through a brutal practice known as 'corrective rape.'

Much of the world, including the United States condemned and brought economic sanctions against South Africa while their policy of Apartheid was in place. However, these same nations have remained silent while South Africa has descended into chaos and barbarism.

Many human rights activists were dismayed when the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament as well as the 2012 World Golf Championship were awarded to South Africa...further evidence of the blind eye being turned towards South Africa’s beleaguered women and children.